• Home
  • Mental Health
  • Depression
  • Meditation
  • Stress Disorders
  • Anxiety
  • Mental Illness
  • Contact Us
No Result
View All Result
Natural Element
  • Home
  • Mental Health
  • Depression
  • Meditation
  • Stress Disorders
  • Anxiety
  • Mental Illness
  • Contact Us
No Result
View All Result
Natural Element
No Result
View All Result

Inflammation and cognition in severe mental illness: patterns of covariation and subgroups

December 28, 2022


  • Insel TR. Rethinking schizophrenia. Nature 2010;468:187–93.

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • McCleery A, Nuechterlein KH. Cognitive impairment in psychotic illness: prevalence, profile of impairment, developmental course, and treatment considerations. Dialogues Clin Neurosci. 2019;21:239–48.

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Dickson H, Laurens KR, Cullen AE, Hodgins S. Meta-analyses of cognitive and motor function in youth aged 16 years and younger who subsequently develop schizophrenia. Psychol Med. 2012;42:743–55.

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Aas M, Dazzan P, Mondelli V, Melle I, Murray RM, Pariante CM. A systematic review of cognitive function in first-episode psychosis, including a discussion on childhood trauma, stress, and inflammation. Front Psychiatry. 2014;4:182.

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • MacCabe JH, Lambe MP, Cnattingius S, Torrång A, Björk C, Sham PC, et al. Scholastic achievement at age 16 and risk of schizophrenia and other psychoses: a national cohort study. Psychol Med. 2008;38:1133–40.

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Flaaten CB, Melle I, Bjella T, Engen MJ, Åsbø G, Wold KF, et al. Domain-specific cognitive course in schizophrenia: Group- and individual-level changes over 10 years. Schizophr Res Cogn. 2022;30:100263.

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Samamé C, Cattaneo BL, Richaud MC, Strejilevich S, Aprahamian I. The long-term course of cognition in bipolar disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis of patient-control differences in test-score changes. Psychol Med. 2022;52:217–28.

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Bowie CR, Harvey PD. Cognitive deficits and functional outcome in schizophrenia. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2006;2:531–6.

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Gitlin MJ, Miklowitz DJ. The difficult lives of individuals with bipolar disorder: A review of functional outcomes and their implications for treatment. J Affect Disord. 2017;209:147–54.

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Nuechterlein KH, Subotnik KL, Green MF, Ventura J, Asarnow RF, Gitlin MJ, et al. Neurocognitive Predictors of Work Outcome in Recent-Onset Schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull. 2011;37:S33–S40.

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Cowman M, Holleran L, Lonergan E, O’Connor K, Birchwood M, Donohoe G. Cognitive Predictors of Social and Occupational Functioning in Early Psychosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Data. Schizophr Bull. 2021;47:1243–53.

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Van Rheenen TE, Lewandowski KE, Tan EJ, Ospina LH, Ongur D, Neill E, et al. Characterizing cognitive heterogeneity on the schizophrenia-bipolar disorder spectrum. Psychol Med. 2017;47:1848–64.

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Vaskinn A, Haatveit B, Melle I, Andreassen OA, Ueland T, Sundet K. Cognitive Heterogeneity across Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder: A Cluster Analysis of Intellectual Trajectories. J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 2020;26:860–72.

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Tripathi A, Kar SK, Shukla R. Cognitive Deficits in Schizophrenia: Understanding the Biological Correlates and Remediation Strategies. Clin Psychopharmacol Neurosci. 2018;16:7–17.

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Tamminga CA, Clementz BA, Pearlson G, Keshavan M, Gershon ES, Ivleva EI, et al. Biotyping in psychosis: using multiple computational approaches with one data set. Neuropsychopharmacology 2021;46:143–55.

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Bishop JR, Zhang L, Lizano P. Inflammation subtypes and translating inflammation-related genetic findings in schizophrenia and related psychoses: A perspective on pathways for treatment stratification and novel therapies. Harv Rev Psychiatry. 2022;30:59–70.

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Pape K, Tamouza R, Leboyer M, Zipp F. Immunoneuropsychiatry – novel perspectives on brain disorders. Nat Rev Neurol. 2019;15:317–28.

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Morrens M, Overloop C, Coppens V, Loots E, Van Den Noortgate M, Vandenameele S, et al. The relationship between immune and cognitive dysfunction in mood and psychotic disorder: a systematic review and a meta-analysis. Mol Psychiatry. 2022:1–10.

  • Horváth S, Mirnics K. Immune system disturbances in schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry. 2014;75:316–23.

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Mørch RH, Dieset I, Færden A, Hope S, Aas M, Nerhus M, et al. Inflammatory evidence for the psychosis continuum model. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2016;67:189–97.

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Mullins N, Forstner AJ, O’Connell KS, Coombes B, Coleman JRI, Qiao Z, et al. Genome-wide association study of more than 40,000 bipolar disorder cases provides new insights into the underlying biology. Nat Genet. 2021;53:817–29.

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Ripke S, O’Dushlaine C, Chambert K, Moran JL, Kähler AK, Akterin S, et al. Genome-wide association analysis identifies 13 new risk loci for schizophrenia. Nat Genet. 2013;45:1150–9.

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • O’Dushlaine C, Rossin L, Lee PH, Duncan L, Parikshak NN, Newhouse S, et al. Psychiatric genome-wide association study analyses implicate neuronal, immune and histone pathways. Nat Neurosci. 2015;18:199–209.

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Yuan N, Chen Y, Xia Y, Dai J, Liu C. Inflammation-related biomarkers in major psychiatric disorders: a cross-disorder assessment of reproducibility and specificity in 43 meta-analyses. Transl Psychiatry. 2019;9:1–13.

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Misiak B, Stańczykiewicz B, Łaczmański Ł, Frydecka D. Lipid profile disturbances in antipsychotic-naive patients with first-episode non-affective psychosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Schizophr Res. 2017;190:18–27.

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Bora E. Peripheral inflammatory and neurotrophic biomarkers of cognitive impairment in schizophrenia: a meta-analysis. Psychol Med. 2019;49:1971–9.

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Goldsmith DR, Rapaport MH, Miller BJ. A meta-analysis of blood cytokine network alterations in psychiatric patients: comparisons between schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and depression. Mol Psychiatry. 2016;21:1696–709.

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Dieset I, Andreassen OA, Haukvik UK. Somatic Comorbidity in Schizophrenia: Some Possible Biological Mechanisms Across the Life Span. Schizophr Bull. 2016;42:1316–9.

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Laursen TM, Munk-Olsen T, Gasse C. Chronic somatic comorbidity and excess mortality due to natural causes in persons with schizophrenia or bipolar affective disorder. PloS One. 2011;6:e24597.

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Räuber S, Heming M, Repple J, Ruland T, Kuelby R, Schulte-Mecklenbeck A, et al. Cerebrospinal fluid flow cytometry distinguishes psychosis spectrum disorders from differential diagnoses. Mol Psychiatry. 2021;26:7661–70.

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Meyer JH, Cervenka S, Kim M-J, Kreisl WC, Henter ID, Innis RB. Neuroinflammation in psychiatric disorders: PET imaging and promising new targets. Lancet Psychiatry. 2020;7:1064–74.

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Kealy J, Greene C, Campbell M. Blood-brain barrier regulation in psychiatric disorders. Neurosci Lett. 2020;726:133664.

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • van Kesteren CFMG, Gremmels H, de Witte LD, Hol EM, Van Gool AR, Falkai PG, et al. Immune involvement in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia: a meta-analysis on postmortem brain studies. Transl Psychiatry. 2017;7:e1075.

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Penadés R, García-Rizo C, Bioque M, González-Rodríguez A, Cabrera B, Mezquida G, et al. The search for new biomarkers for cognition in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res Cogn. 2015;2:172–8.

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Tchessalova D, Posillico CK, Tronson NC. Neuroimmune Activation Drives Multiple Brain States. Front Syst Neurosci. 2018;12:1–9.

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • De Picker LJ, Morrens M, Chance SA, Boche D. Microglia and Brain Plasticity in Acute Psychosis and Schizophrenia Illness Course: A Meta-Review. Front Psychiatry. 2017;8:238.

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Zhao J, Bi W, Xiao S, Lan X, Cheng X, Zhang J, et al. Neuroinflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide causes cognitive impairment in mice. Sci Rep. 2019;9:5790.

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Hagi K, Nosaka T, Dickinson D, Lindenmayer JP, Lee J, Friedman J, et al. Association Between Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Cognitive Impairment in People With Schizophrenia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Psychiatry. 2021;78:510–8.

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Miller BJ, Goldsmith DR. Towards an Immunophenotype of Schizophrenia: Progress, Potential Mechanisms, and Future Directions. Neuropsychopharmacology 2017;42:299–317.

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Miller BJ, Goldsmith DR. Inflammatory biomarkers in schizophrenia: Implications for heterogeneity and neurobiology. Biomark. Neuropsychiatry 2019;1:100006.


    Google Scholar
     

  • Lizano P, Lutz O, Xu Y, Rubin LH, Paskowitz L, Lee AM, et al. Multivariate relationships between peripheral inflammatory marker subtypes and cognitive and brain structural measures in psychosis. Mol Psychiatry. 2020. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41380-020-00914-0.

  • Zhang L, Lizano P, Guo B, Xu Y, Rubin LH, Hill SK, et al. Inflammation subtypes in psychosis and their relationships with genetic risk for psychiatric and cardiometabolic disorders. Brain Behav Immun – Health. 2022;22:100459.

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Fillman SG, Weickert TW, Lenroot RK, Catts SV, Bruggemann JM, Catts VS, et al. Elevated peripheral cytokines characterize a subgroup of people with schizophrenia displaying poor verbal fluency and reduced Broca’s area volume. Mol Psychiatry. 2016;21:1090–8.

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Hoang D, Xu Y, Lutz O, Bannai D, Zeng V, Bishop JR, et al. Inflammatory Subtypes in Antipsychotic-Naïve First-Episode Schizophrenia are Associated with Altered Brain Morphology and Topological Organization. Brain Behav Immun. 2022;100:297–308.

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Boerrigter D, Weickert TW, Lenroot R, O’Donnell M, Galletly C, Liu D, et al. Using blood cytokine measures to define high inflammatory biotype of schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder. J Neuroinflammation. 2017;14:188.

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Mondelli V, Ciufolini S, Belvederi Murri M, Bonaccorso S, Di Forti M, Giordano A, et al. Cortisol and Inflammatory Biomarkers Predict Poor Treatment Response in First Episode Psychosis. Schizophr Bull. 2015;41:1162–70.

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Fillman SG, Sinclair D, Fung SJ, Webster MJ, Shannon Weickert C. Markers of inflammation and stress distinguish subsets of individuals with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Transl Psychiatry. 2014;4:e365–e365.

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Dinga R, Schmaal L, Penninx BWJH, van Tol MJ, Veltman DJ, van Velzen L, et al. Evaluating the evidence for biotypes of depression: Methodological replication and extension of Drysdale et al. (2017). NeuroImage Clin. 2019;22:101796.

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Drysdale AT, Grosenick L, Downar J, Dunlop K, Mansouri F, Meng Y, et al. Resting-state connectivity biomarkers define neurophysiological subtypes of depression. Nat Med. 2017;23:28–38.

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Zhang T, Tang X, Li H, Woodberry KA, Kline ER, Xu L, et al. Clinical subtypes that predict conversion to psychosis: A canonical correlation analysis study from the ShangHai At Risk for Psychosis program. Aust N. Z J Psychiatry. 2020;54:482–95.

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Liu Y, Hayes DN, Nobel A, Marron JS. Statistical Significance of Clustering for High-Dimension, Low–Sample Size Data. J Am Stat Assoc. 2008;103:1281–93.

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • First MB, Spitzer RL, Gibbon M, Williams JB. Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders: Patient Edition (SCID-P, Version 2.0). New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York: Biometrics Research Department; 1995.

  • Kay SR, Fiszbein A, Opler LA. The positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) for schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull. 1987;13:261–76.

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Wallwork RS, Fortgang R, Hashimoto R, Weinberger DR, Dickinson D. Searching for a consensus five-factor model of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale for schizophrenia. Schizophr Res. 2012;137:246–50.

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Young RC, Biggs JT, Ziegler VE, Meyer DA. A rating scale for mania: reliability, validity and sensitivity. Br J Psychiatry J Ment Sci. 1978;133:429–35.

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Pedersen G, Hagtvet KA, Karterud S. Generalizability studies of the Global Assessment of Functioning–Split version. Compr Psychiatry. 2007;48:88–94.

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Wechsler D. Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence-Second Edition. 2011. 2011. https://doi.org/10.1037/t15171-000.

  • Klove H. Clinical Neuropsychology. Med Clin North Am. 1963;47:1647–58.

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Wechsler D. Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Third Edition. 1997. 1997. https://doi.org/10.1037/t49755-000.

  • Nuechterlein KH, Green MF, Kern RS, Baade LE, Barch DM, Cohen JD, et al. The MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery, part 1: test selection, reliability, and validity. Am J Psychiatry. 2008;165:203–13.

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Mohn C, Sundet K, Rund BR. The Norwegian standardization of the MATRICS (Measurement and Treatment Research to Improve Cognition in Schizophrenia) Consensus Cognitive Battery. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol. 2012;34:667–77.

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Delis DC, Kaplan E, Kramer JH. Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System. 2001. 2001. https://doi.org/10.1037/t15082-000.

  • Delis DC, Kramer JH, Kaplan E, Ober BA. California Verbal Learning Test–Second Edition. 1987. 1987. https://doi.org/10.1037/t15072-000.

  • Benedict RHB, Schretlen D, Groninger L, Brandt J. Hopkins Verbal Learning Test – Revised: Normative Data and Analysis of Inter-Form and Test-Retest Reliability. Clin Neuropsychol. 1998;12:43–55.

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Andreou D, Steen NE, Jørgensen KN, Smelror RE, Wedervang-Resell K, Nerland S, et al. Lower circulating neuron-specific enolase concentrations in adults and adolescents with severe mental illness. Psychol Med. 2021:1–10. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291721003056.

  • Engh JA, Ueland T, Agartz I, Andreou D, Aukrust P, Boye B, et al. Plasma Levels of the Cytokines B Cell-Activating Factor (BAFF) and A Proliferation-Inducing Ligand (APRIL) in Schizophrenia, Bipolar, and Major Depressive Disorder: A Cross Sectional, Multisite Study. Schizophr Bull. 2021;48:37–46.

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Szabo A, O’Connell KS, Ueland T, Sheikh MA, Agartz I, Andreou D, et al. Increased circulating IL-18 levels in severe mental disorders indicate systemic inflammasome activation. Brain Behav Immun. 2022;99:299–306.

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Hjell G, Szabo A, Mørch-Johnsen L, Holst R, Tesli N, Bell C, et al. Interleukin-18 signaling system links to agitation in severe mental disorders. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2022;140:105721.

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Elkjaer Greenwood Ormerod MB, Ueland T, Frogner Werner MC, Hjell G, Rødevand L, Sæther LS, et al. Composite immune marker scores associated with severe mental disorders and illness course. Brain Behav Immun – Health. 2022;24:100483.

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Hotelling H. Relations Between Two Sets of Variates. Biometrika 1936;28:321–77.

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Luperdi SC, Correa-Ghisays P, Vila-Francés J, Selva-Vera G, Salazar-Fraile J, Cardoner N, et al. Is processing speed a valid neurocognitive endophenotype in bipolar disorder? Evidence from a longitudinal, family study. J Psychiatr Res. 2021;141:241–7.

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Mathias SR, Knowles EEM, Barrett J, Leach O, Buccheri S, Beetham T, et al. The Processing-Speed Impairment in Psychosis Is More Than Just Accelerated Aging. Schizophr Bull. 2017;43:814–23.


    Google Scholar
     

  • Vöhringer PA, Barroilhet SA, Amerio A, Reale ML, Alvear K, Vergne D, et al. Cognitive Impairment in Bipolar Disorder and Schizophrenia: A Systematic Review. Front Psychiatry. 2013;4:87.

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Schaefer J, Giangrande E, Weinberger DR, Dickinson D. The global cognitive impairment in schizophrenia: Consistent over decades and around the world. Schizophr Res. 2013;150:42–50.

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Ojeda N, Peña J, Schretlen DJ, Sánchez P, Aretouli E, Elizagárate E, et al. Hierarchical structure of the cognitive processes in schizophrenia: the fundamental role of processing speed. Schizophr Res. 2012;135:72–78.

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Dickinson D, Ramsey ME, Gold JM. Overlooking the obvious: a meta-analytic comparison of digit symbol coding tasks and other cognitive measures in schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2007;64:532–42.

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Carrión RE, Walder DJ, Auther AM, McLaughlin D, Zyla HO, Adelsheim S, et al. From the psychosis prodrome to the first-episode of psychosis: No evidence of a cognitive decline. J Psychiatr Res. 2018;96:231–8.

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Glahn DC, Almasy L, Blangero J, Burk GM, Estrada J, Peralta JM, et al. Adjudicating neurocognitive endophenotypes for schizophrenia. Am J Med Genet Part B Neuropsychiatr Genet Publ Int Soc Psychiatr Genet. 2007;144B:242–9.

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Alboni S, Cervia D, Sugama S, Conti B. Interleukin 18 in the CNS. J Neuroinflammation. 2010;7:1–12.

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Cheon SY, Kim J, Kim SY, Kim EJ, Koo B-N. Inflammasome and Cognitive Symptoms in Human Diseases: Biological Evidence from Experimental Research. Int J Mol Sci. 2020;21:1103.

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Gris D, Ye Z, Iocca HA, Wen H, Craven RR, Gris P, et al. NLRP3 plays a critical role in the development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by mediating Th1 and Th17 responses. J Immunol Balt Md. 1950;2010:974–81.


    Google Scholar
     

  • Gordon R, Albornoz EA, Christie DC, Langley MR, Kumar V, Mantovani S, et al. Inflammasome inhibition prevents α-synuclein pathology and dopaminergic neurodegeneration in mice. Sci Transl Med. 2018;10:eaah4066.

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Halle A, Hornung V, Petzold GC, Stewart CR, Monks BG, Reinheckel T, et al. The NALP3 inflammasome is involved in the innate immune response to amyloid-beta. Nat Immunol. 2008;9:857–65.

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Liang T, Zhang Y, Wu S, Chen Q, Wang L. The Role of NLRP3 Inflammasome in Alzheimer’s Disease and Potential Therapeutic Targets. Front Pharmacol. 2022;13:1–21.


    Google Scholar
     

  • Schluesener H, Meyermann R. Neutrophilic defensins penetrate the blood-brain barrier. J Neurosci Res. 1995;42:718–23.

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Williams WM, Castellani RJ, Weinberg A, Perry G, Smith MA. Do β-Defensins and Other Antimicrobial Peptides Play a Role in Neuroimmune Function and Neurodegeneration? Sci World J 2012;2012:905785.

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Yang D, Chertov O, Bykovskaia SN, Chen Q, Buffo MJ, Shogan J, et al. Beta-defensins: linking innate and adaptive immunity through dendritic and T cell CCR6. Science. 1999;286:525–8.

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Niyonsaba F, Ushio H, Nagaoka I, Okumura K, Ogawa H. The human beta-defensins (-1, -2, -3, -4) and cathelicidin LL-37 induce IL-18 secretion through p38 and ERK MAPK activation in primary human keratinocytes. J Immunol Balt Md 1950. 2005;175:1776–84.


    Google Scholar
     

  • Yang R, Yang E, Shen L, Modlin RL, Shen H, Chen ZW. IL-12+IL-18 Cosignaling in Human Macrophages and Lung Epithelial Cells Activates Cathelicidin and Autophagy, Inhibiting Intracellular Mycobacterial Growth. J Immunol Balt Md. 1950;2018:2405–17.


    Google Scholar
     

  • Sheikh MA, O’Connell KS, Lekva T, Szabo A, Akkouh IA, Osete JR, et al. Systemic cell-adhesion molecules (CAM) in severe mental illness-potential role of intracellular CAM-1 in linking peripheral and neuro-inflammation. Biol Psychiatry. 2022;93:187–96.

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Dietrich J-B. The adhesion molecule ICAM-1 and its regulation in relation with the blood-brain barrier. J Neuroimmunol. 2002;128:58–68.

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Kong D-H, Kim YK, Kim MR, Jang JH, Lee S. Emerging Roles of Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 (VCAM-1) in Immunological Disorders and Cancer. Int J Mol Sci. 2018;19:E1057.

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Hummel V, Kallmann BA, Wagner S, Füller T, Bayas A, Tonn JC, et al. Production of MMPs in human cerebral endothelial cells and their role in shedding adhesion molecules. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 2001;60:320–7.

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Kallmann BA, Hummel V, Lindenlaub T, Ruprecht K, Toyka KV, Rieckmann P. Cytokine-induced modulation of cellular adhesion to human cerebral endothelial cells is mediated by soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1. Brain 2000;123:687–97.

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Morel JC, Park CC, Woods JM, Koch AE. A novel role for interleukin-18 in adhesion molecule induction through NF kappa B and phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-kinase-dependent signal transduction pathways. J Biol Chem. 2001;276:37069–75.

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Stenfors CUD, Jonsdottir IH, Magnusson Hanson LL, Theorell T. Associations between systemic pro-inflammatory markers, cognitive function and cognitive complaints in a population-based sample of working adults. J Psychosom Res. 2017;96:49–59.

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Beydoun MA, Dore GA, Canas J-A, Liang H, Beydoun HA, Evans MK, et al. Systemic Inflammation Is Associated With Longitudinal Changes in Cognitive Performance Among Urban Adults. Front Aging Neurosci. 2018;10:1-12.

  • Furman D, Campisi J, Verdin E, Carrera-Bastos P, Targ S, Franceschi C, et al. Chronic inflammation in the etiology of disease across the life span. Nat Med. 2019;25:1822–32.

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Wedervang-Resell K, Ueland T, Aukrust P, Friis S, Holven KB, H. Johannessen C, et al. Reduced levels of circulating adhesion molecules in adolescents with early-onset psychosis. Npj Schizophr. 2020;6:1–8.

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Reponen EJ, Dieset I, Tesli M, Mørch RH, Aas M, Vedal TSJ, et al. Atherogenic lipid ratios related to myeloperoxidase and C-reactive protein levels in psychotic disorders. Front Psychiatry 2020;11:672.

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     



  • Source_link

    Share120Tweet75Share30

    Related Posts

    A Three-Headed Monster: Mental Illness, Stigma, and Suicide
    Mental Illness

    A Three-Headed Monster: Mental Illness, Stigma, and Suicide

    February 2, 2023

    Suicide is one of the most misunderstood and stigmatized of human experiences. We need a call to arms, not in the sense of weapons, but rather with people working together. Most suicides result from a combination of two things:...

    Social Media Addiction – All The News From Sikkim, India and The World
    Mental Illness

    Social Media Addiction – All The News From Sikkim, India and The World

    February 2, 2023

    Share Tweet Share Share Email Everything about Social Media Addiction Pakyong, 2 Feb: Over the past ten years, checking and browsing through social media has grown in popularity. Despite the fact that the majority of people’s use of...

    1.28m M’sians suffering from schizophrenia
    Mental Illness

    1.28m M’sians suffering from schizophrenia

    February 2, 2023

    PETALING JAYA: About four out of every 100, or some 1.28 million Malaysians, are suffering from schizophrenia, and this does not account for those who have yet to be diagnosed, said psychiatrist Dr Chow Soon Ken. Chow, who is...

    Why is IBS more common in females? – Beaufort South Carolina The Island News
    Mental Illness

    Why is IBS more common in females? – Beaufort South Carolina The Island News

    February 1, 2023

    more common in females? Experts do not fully understand what causes IBS, so they do not yet know why it is more common in females. That said, there are several theories.  Sex differences in IBS may occur due to...

    Leave a Reply Cancel reply

    Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *

    Categories

    • Anxiety (642)
    • Depression (174)
    • Meditation (283)
    • Mental Health (793)
    • Mental Illness (385)
    • Sound Therapy (2)
    • Stress Disorders (325)

    Popular

    • Stress Level Of Americans Is Rising Rapidly In 2022, New Study Finds

      Stress Level Of Americans Is Rising Rapidly In 2022, New Study Finds

      302 shares
      Share 121 Tweet 76
    • Helpful Resources During Suicide Prevention Month 2022 – My Brain’s Not Broken

      302 shares
      Share 121 Tweet 76
    • 4 signs of burnout in your teen– and how to help them through it

      302 shares
      Share 121 Tweet 76
    • How Stress Affects Your Vision

      302 shares
      Share 121 Tweet 76
    • How to Release Anger: 11 Healthy Ways to Let it Out

      301 shares
      Share 120 Tweet 75

    • Home
    • About Us
    • Contact Us
    • Disclaimer
    • Privacy Policy
    • Terms & Conditions

    Copyright © 2022 Naturalele.com | All Rights Reserved.

    No Result
    View All Result
    • Home
    • Mental Health
    • Depression
    • Meditation
    • Stress Disorders
    • Anxiety
    • Mental Illness
    • Contact Us
    What Are Cookies
    We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. By clicking “Accept All”, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. However, you may visit "Cookie Settings" to provide a controlled consent.
    Cookie SettingsAccept All
    Manage consent

    Privacy Overview

    This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience.
    Necessary
    Always Enabled
    Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously.
    CookieDurationDescription
    cookielawinfo-checkbox-analytics11 monthsThis cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics".
    cookielawinfo-checkbox-functional11 monthsThe cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional".
    cookielawinfo-checkbox-necessary11 monthsThis cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary".
    cookielawinfo-checkbox-others11 monthsThis cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other.
    cookielawinfo-checkbox-performance11 monthsThis cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance".
    viewed_cookie_policy11 monthsThe cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. It does not store any personal data.
    Functional
    Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features.
    Performance
    Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors.
    Analytics
    Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc.
    Advertisement
    Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads.
    Others
    Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet.
    SAVE & ACCEPT